Road user charging regimes, including congestion charging schemes, typically charge according to location, time of day and type of vehicle.
Road charging raises revenue which can often be reinvested into public transport improvements. Charging regimes can also be related to emissions.
Halcrow played a lead role in developing and modelling the London Congestion Charging scheme through the ROCOL study. This provided much of the evidence behind the congestion charging scheme as implemented in London in 2003. Further work includes behavioural surveys and the Western Extension Zone, the London Low Emission Zone, emissions congestion charging, and demand management in Dublin.
Work has also been developed internationally, advising on potential road user charging specification, such as in Abu Dhabi.